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Quanta Magazine reported the scientific research results of Associate Professor Zhengyi Zhou
01 29, 2024
On November 7, 2023, the Quanta Magzine reported the research results of Zhengyi Zhou.
On November 7, 2023, the Quanta Magzine reported the research results of Zhengyi Zhou.
A fundamental problem in contact topology is understanding the tight contact structures (a special structure on odd-dimensional manifolds). Classical results of Gromov and Eliashberg tell us that contact manifolds with a symplectic filling, i.e.,those can arise as a convex boundary of a symplectic manifold, must be tight. Therefore, a basic question is understanding the distance between tightness and existences of fillings. Tight contact structures without fillings were constructed on some manifolds previously. The question that Zhengyi Zhou and three other researchers investigated was whether there is such a structure on the simplest manifold, namely the standard sphere. A contact structure on a one-dimensional sphere is trivially fillable. In dimension 3, Eliashberg proved that there is only one tight contact structure on the sphere, which is also fillable. In their joint work, Zhou and his coauthors constructed tight contact structures on spheres of dimension at least 5 that are not fillable. As a corollary, they proved that in dimensions 7 and above, the existence of a tight contact structure on a manifold is equivalent to the existence of a tight but not strongly fillable contact structure, which illustrates a great difference, and in a certain sense the optimal difference, between tight structures and those that are strongly fillable.
Zhengyi Zhou's research area is symplectic topology and contact topology. He uses the theory of pseudo-holomorphic curves, in particular, symplectic field theory, to study the rigidity phenomena in symplectic and contact topology, especially problems related to symplectic fillings, and symplectic cobordisms. Major works include proving Wolf Prize laureate Eliashberg's conjecture on the nonexistence of Liouville fillings for real projective spaces; constructing the first non-topological obstruction to the existence of Weinstein fillings; with Moreno, constructing a series of contact invariants from rational symplectic field theory; and with Bowden, Gironella, and Moreno, constructing tight contact structures on high-dimensional spheres that are not fillable.
Quanta Magazine is an editorially independent online publication of the Simons Foundation, focusing on recent breakthroughs in physics, math, biology, and computer science, with the aim of popularizing science and describing the fundamentals and discovery of the latest advances in a particular research. -
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex, chronic, progressive, and non-self-curable disease, whose cure is a challenge to public health. China now has more than 100 million T2D patients, along with an even larger population of prediabetes. Unfortunately, a substantial portion of these individuals remains unaware of their risk and status. Detecting diabetes early before it becomes irreversible is a desirable approach to cure the disease.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex, chronic, progressive, and non-self-curable disease, whose cure is a challenge to public health. China now has more than 100 million T2D patients, along with an even larger population of prediabetes. Unfortunately, a substantial portion of these individuals remains unaware of their risk and status. Detecting diabetes early before it becomes irreversible is a desirable approach to cure the disease.
An integration of large expression data from rat and human islets published in PLOS ONE on October 10, 2023 supported a new scheme of detecting prediabetes. That is, screening for prediabetes should include fasting and postprandial blood insulin levels along with glucose levels; Moreover, to prevent the islet morphological alteration from becoming irreversible, or to prevent T2D pathological progression from irreversible, active intervention should be taken at as early as the stage of hyperinsulinemia even with euglycemia.
Pancreatic islet failure is a key characteristic of T2D besides insulin resistance. The research group led by Dr. Lei M Li at Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, discovered that irreversible islet deterioration coincides with transcriptional angiogenesis and hyperinsulinemia precedes the onset of insulin deterioration. They unveiled the findings by developing a novel computational approach to integrating expression profiles of Goto-Kakizaki (GK) and Wistar (WST) rat islets from a designed experiment with those of the human islets from an observational study.
The GK rat is an T2D animal model, displaying both impaired insulin secretion in response to glucose and insulin resistance, while the WST rat serves as its control counterpart. In islets, α and β cells respectively produce and secret the two hormones: glucagon and insulin. Glucagon raises glucose levels whereas insulin is the sole hormone responsible for reducing plasma glucose levels. Other than expression profiles, the α/β-cell distribution is available in GK/WST rat islets. The human islets were from cadaver donors including non-diabetics and diabetics. The information such as age, gender, BMI, and HbA1c levels are available along with the mRNA expressions. All data utilized in this research was from public repository at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/. The rat data were generated by Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the human data were from Nordic Islet Transplantation Programme.
The integration analysis is based on the dual eigen-structure of the expression profiles. The principal gene eigenvector or signature, which was characterized by up-regulated angiogenesis and down-regulated oxidative phosphorylation, was identified conserved across the two species. In the case of GK versus WST islets, such alteration in gene expression can be verified directly by the treatment-control tests at various time points throughout the study. The alteration of transcriptional angiogenesis, which was synchronous to that of the α/β-cell distribution, preceded the down-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation, which was synchronous to the insulin deterioration. Moreover, hyperinsulinemia was observed before the onset of insulin deterioration in GK rats.
According to the expression signature, a large portion of genes involved in the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathway, which activates the transcription of angiogenesis, were markedly up-regulated. The findings from the research suggest that along the T2D progression, the HIF signaling pathway functions under hypoxic stress. Furthermore, the presence of the top-ranked anti-angiogenic genes THBS1 and PEDF indicate the existence of a counteractive mechanism that is in line with thickened and fragmented capillaries found in the deteriorated islets.
In addition to the public raw data, the computational code and intermediate data have been deposited on open cloud platforms https://codeocean.com and https://zenodo.org so that all the results presented in the article are reproducible. -
The 10th International Congress of Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM 2023) was held on August 20-25, 2023 in Tokyo, Japan. The ICIAM is the highest level, largest and most influential academic event in the field of industrial and applied mathematics, and is held every four years. CAS Academician Prof. Guo Lei from AMSS was one of the 27 renowned applied mathematicians around the world who delivered Invited Lectures at this congress.
The 10th International Congress of Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM 2023) was held on August 20-25, 2023 in Tokyo, Japan. The ICIAM is the highest level, largest and most influential academic event in the field of industrial and applied mathematics, and is held every four years. CAS Academician Prof. Guo Lei from AMSS was one of the 27 renowned applied mathematicians around the world who delivered Invited Lectures at this congress.
On the morning of August 25th, Prof. Guo Lei delivered an invited lecture entitled "Learning and Feedback in the Control of Uncertain Dynamical Systems", in which he shared his discoveries and research progress made with his collaborators in the field of control of uncertain dynamical systems. He pointed out that learning and feedback are complementary mechanisms in coping with uncertainties in dynamic systems, and are also two key mechanisms in intelligent systems. Learning plays a fundamental role in the design and operation of intelligent systems, while feedback makes it possible for the system itself to effectively cope with the influences of various uncertainties in an open and complex environment.
The basic ideas and results presented in this presentation are expected to provide insights and inspirations for the further integration of machine learning and feedback control, and to promote the development of the fundamental theory of intelligent systems under uncertainty.
Prof. Guo Lei graduated from the Department of Mathematics, Shandong University in 1982, and received his Ph.D. degree from the Institute of System Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in 1987. He is currently a professor at AMSS and the director of the National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences (NCMIS) of the CAS. He was the director of AMSS and the president of the China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. He is mainly engaged in basic theory and related applied research in the field of systems and control, especially in adaptive systems (including adaptive estimation, adaptive filtering, adaptive control, adaptive games), control of nonlinear uncertain systems, maximum capacity of feedback mechanisms, collective behavior of flocking with large population, game-based control systems, and complex systems science. He is a Fellow of the IEEE, a Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Developing World, a foreign member of The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, a Fellow of the International Federation of Automatic Control, and was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden. In 2019, He was awarded the Hendrik W. Bode Lecture Prize by the IEEE Control Systems Society "for fundamental and practical contributions to the fields of adaptive control, system identification, adaptive signal processing, stochastic systems, and applied mathematics".
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The 23rd International Federation of Operational Research Societies (IFORS) Conference was held on July 10-14, 2023 in Santiago, Chile. The meeting announced the list of newly elected IFORS Fellows for 2023, including Prof.Yuhong Dai.
The 23rd International Federation of Operational Research Societies (IFORS) Conference was held on July 10-14, 2023 in Santiago, Chile. The conference announced the new IFORS Fellows with only three recipients selected, including Prof.Yuhong Dai.
Prof.Yuhong Dai is the Vice President of the Academy of Mathematics and Systems Sciences (AMSS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, President of the Asia-Pacific Federation of Operational Research Societies and the President of the Operations Research of Society of China.
He has long been engaged in theoretical and applied research on optimization methods, and has made systematic and creative work in nonlinear optimization, integer programming and applied optimization. He developed and improved the theory of nonlinear conjugate gradient methods and proposed the Dai-Yuan method. He developed and improved the theory of gradient methods and proposed the Dai-Fletcher method. He proposed the new direction of least constraint violation optimization and gave the basic theory and algorithms. He solved the open problem on the convergence of the BFGS quasi-Newton method independently and cooperated solved the open problem on the complexity of sequentially lifting cover cut. In 2018, he and his students developed the CMIP, which is the first modern integer programming solver in China. His methods and results have been widely cited by the optimization theory and application communities.
Prof.Yuhong Dai was invited to give a 45-minute invited talk at the International Congress of Mathematician in 2022, a semi-plenary talk at the 5th International Conference on Continuous Optimization (a flagship conference organized by Mathematical Optimization Society) in 2016, and a plenary talk at the 24th International Symposium on Mathematical Programming (the largest conference of the International Society for Mathematical Optimization) in 2022. He was awarded the Second Prize of National Natural Science of China (completed by Prof. Yaxiang Yuan and Prof. Yuhong Dai), China Youth Science and Technology Award, Shiing-Shen Chern Mathematics Prize, Feng Kang Scientific Computing Prize, the first Xiao Shutie Applied Mathematics Prize, and the Best Paper Prize of the International Congress on Communication.
The IFORS was founded in 1955, with a long history of more than 60 years, is the only global international organization of operations research. This important world conference is held every three years. IFORS 2023 is to bring together academia, practitioners, and experts in the field of Management Science from more than 60 countries and to contribute to its development through mutual academic and information exchange.
The IFORS Administrative Committee approved the establishment of the IFORS Fellows Award in 2020. The IFORS Fellows Award serves to recognize a distinguished individual’s contribution to international operational research and its communities. The criteria for selection of the IFORS Fellow include various aspects of research, practice, service, education, and management in operations research. IFORS Fellows are selected annually, and Academician Prof. Yaxiang Yuan and Prof. Xiangsun Zhang from AMSS were elected in 2021.
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Prof. Cuihong Yang Elected as the TWAS Fellow
11 24, 2022
Prof. Cuihong Yang was elected as the Fellow of the World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) for her outstanding contribution to science and its promotion in the developing world.
Prof. Cuihong Yang was elected as the Fellow of the World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) for her outstanding contribution to science and its promotion in the developing world.
YANG, Cuihong (China), (F). Chair Professor, Deputy Director, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, CAS, China. She is one of the leading experts in international input-output (IO) field. She has made outstanding contribution in developing new models of input-output techniques, and the applications to strongly support the policy-making of the Chinese government in foreign trade, water conservancy investment, grain security, macro-economic analysis and energy utilization. She is the recipient of TWAS Siwei Cheng Award in Economic Sciences, National Award for Youth in Science and Technology, National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, Sun Yefang Economic Award (the most reputed award in economics in China), among many others.
The World Academy of Sciences (former name: The Academy of Sciences for the Developing World) was founded in 1983 by a distinguished group of scientists from the developing world under the leadership of Abdus Salam, the late Pakistani physicist and Nobel laureate. Based in Trieste, Italy, TWAS works to advance science and engineering for sustainable prosperity in the developing world. The TWAS General Meeting, held every year, is a showcase for scientific excellence in the developing world.
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On July 12th, 15:15-16:00 CEST, Prof. Yu-Hong Dai from AMSS of CAS delivered a 45-minute invited sectional lecture at the International Congress of Mathematicians 2022(ICM 2022). The lecture was entitled "New Trends in Nonlinear Optimization", which mainly introduced the latest achievements of himself and his collaborators in nonlinear optimization.
On July 12th, 15:15-16:00 CEST, Prof. Yu-Hong Dai from AMSS of CAS delivered a 45-minute invited sectional lecture at the International Congress of Mathematicians 2022(ICM 2022). The lecture was entitled "New Trends in Nonlinear Optimization", which mainly introduced the latest achievements of himself and his collaborators in nonlinear optimization.
The International Congress of Mathematicians is the most influential conference of the international mathematical community hosted by the International Mathematical Union, which is held every four years.
Prof. Yu-Hong Dai works on numerical optimization with applications. He has made outstanding contributions on continuous optimization, integer programming, and applied optimization. He made a systematic study on the theory of nonlinear conjugate gradient methods and proposed the Dai-Yuan method; made a systematic study on the theory of gradient methods and proposed the Dai-Fletcher method; Gave a negative answer to the open problem on the convergence of the BFGS quasi-Newton method and solved the open problem on the complexity of sequentially lifting cover inequalities for the knapsack polytope; In 2018, he developed the CMIP by leading his group, which the first modern integer programming solver in China.
Prof. Yu-Hong Dai received Second Grade of National Natural Science Award of China (2006) with Prof. Ya-Xiang Yuan. He also won numerous awards named after famous scientists, including Shiing-Shen Chern Mathematics Prize (2017), Feng Kang Scientific Computing Prize (2015), Xiao Shutie Applied Mathematics Prize (2018). He is currently the chairman of the Association of Asia-Pacific Operational Research Societies (APORS) and the president of the Operations Research Society of China (ORSC). -
Prof. Zhiming Chen was elected as the 2022 SIAM (The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics) Fellow for his significant contributions to adaptive finite element methods, multiscale analysis and computation, and seismic imaging.
Prof. Zhiming Chen was elected as the 2022 SIAM (The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics) Fellow for his significant contributions to adaptive finite element methods, multiscale analysis and computation, and seismic imaging.
Prof. Zhiming Chen’s research areas are numerical analysis and scientific computing. He has made significant achievements in the study of adapt finite element method, multiscale finite element method for fluid problems in inhomogeneous porous media, perfectly matched layer method for wave-propagation problems in unbounded domains, and the source-transfer domain decomposition method for high-frequence scattering problems. He received Feng Kang Scientific Computing Prize in 2001, the Second National Natural Science Prize in 2009 and the Shiing S. Chern Mathematics Award in 2015. He was elected as the Member of CAS (the Chinese Academy of Sciences) in 2017.He was also the invited speaker of International Congress of Mathematicians, Madrid, Spain in 2006. He is now the Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Computational Mathematics, Member of the editorial board of Numerische Mathematik and SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, etc.
SIAM is an international community, which exists to ensure the strongest interactions between mathematics and other scientific and technological communities through membership activities, publication of journals and books, and conferences. SIAM named 26 academics and professionals to its 2022 Class of Fellows for their outstanding contributions to applied mathematics and computational science through research in the field and service to the larger community on March, 31, 2022. -
2020 Second Prize of National Natural Science Award is awarded to Prof. Tian Ye for his extraordinary achievements in the Congruent number problem and arithmetic of L-function.
The congruent number problem, originated in an Arab manuscript dated A.C. 972, is one of the oldest unsolved major problems in number theory, and possibly in the whole of mathematics. It is closely related to the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems.
2020 Second Prize of National Natural Science Award is awarded to Prof. Tian Ye for his extraordinary achievements in the Congruent number problem and arithmetic of L-function.
The congruent number problem, originated in an Arab manuscript dated A.C. 972, is one of the oldest unsolved major problems in number theory, and possibly in the whole of mathematics. It is closely related to the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems. A positive integer is congruent if it is the area of a right-angled triangle, all of whose sides have rational length. The congruent number problem is the problem of deciding which positive numbers are congruent numbers and finding the corresponding right-angled triangle for a congruent number. Predicted by the BSD conjecture, all positive integer congruent to 5, 6 and 7 modulo 8 are conjectured to be congruent numbers. At 1952, the German mathematician K. Heegner verified this conjecture for square-free positive integers with only one odd prime factor.
In 2012, Prof. Tian Ye proved that there are infinitely many congruent numbers with any given prime factors, moreover, the BSD conjecture for the corresponding congruent elliptic curve hold. In the PNAS review, member of the Royal Society, Prof. John Coates from Cambridge University commented that Tian’s work is an important milestone in the history of this ancient problem. In addition, Prof. Tian Ye obtained important achievements on Gross-Zagier formula, twisted Fermat equations, the variation of rational points on elliptic curve under quadratic twists and Kummer extentions, and so on.
Prof. Tian Ye received his doctorate from Columbia University in 2003, supervised by Professor Zhang Shouwu. Then he served as a member of the Princeton Institute of advanced studies, and a postdoctoral fellow at McGill University in Canada. In 2006, he joined the Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research field is mainly in number theory and arithmetic geometry. Due to the breakthrough work on the congruent number problem, he won the 2013 Morningside Gold Prize of Mathematics and the 2013 Ramanujan Prize. -
The International Federation of Operational Research Societies (IFORS) has elected Professor Ya-xiang Yuan to the 2021 IFORS Fellows.
Prof.Ya-xiang Yuan, is currently the Professor of Mathematics and Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. He graduated from Xiangtan University in 1981, obtained Ph.D. from University of Cambridge in 1986. He won numerous awards, including Fox Prize (1985, London), Young Scientist Award of China (1996, Beijing). Second Prize of National Natural Science Award (2006, Beijing), S.S. Chern Award of Chinese Mathematical Society (2011), the TWAS prize in mathematics(2014) and the Su Buqing Prize of China SIAM (2016). He was elected as an academician of CAS in 2011. Fellow of SIAM (2011), Fellow of AMS (2012), Corresponding Member of Brazilian Academy of Science (2014), and Fellow of TWAS (2015).
Founded in 1955, IFORS has a long history and is the only global organization in the OR field. The IFORS Administrative Committee approved the establishment of the IFORS Fellows Award in 2020. The IFORS Fellows Award serves to recognize a distinguished individual’s contribution to international operational research and its communities. -
The London Mathematical Society (LMS) has elected Professor Ya-xiang Yuan to Honorary Membership of the Society. He is an internationally leading expert in optimization theory and methods. He has had a major role in developing optimization algorithms and exhibited leadership of applied mathematics in China and worldwide.
Prof.Ya-xiang Yuan, is currently the Professor of Mathematics and Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. He graduated from Xiangtan University in 1981, obtained Ph.D. from University of Cambridge in 1986. He won numerous awards, including Fox Prize (1985, London), Young Scientist Award of China (1996, Beijing). Second Prize of National Natural Science Award (2006, Beijing), S.S. Chern Award of Chinese Mathematical Society (2011),the TWAS prize in mathematics(2014) and the Su Buqing Prize of China SIAM (2016). He was elected as an academician of CAS in 2011. Fellow of SIAM (2011), Fellow of AMS (2012), Corresponding Member of Brazilian Academy of Science (2014), and Fellow of TWAS (2015).
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